ZK Rollup
The optimistic ZK-rollup architecture powering Dual's hybrid on-chain/off-chain system.
Optimistic ZK-Rollup
Dual uses an optimistic rollup approach where batches of off-chain actions are compressed into fingerprints and anchored on Ethereum. A 4-hour fraud challenge window allows validators to dispute invalid state transitions.
ZK Proofs
When disputes arise, SP1-based zero-knowledge proofs are generated to cryptographically verify the correctness of state transitions without revealing the underlying data.
Benefits
- High throughput, thousands of actions per second off-chain
- Low cost, only fingerprints are written on-chain
- Security, full Ethereum L1 security via fraud proofs
- Privacy, ZK proofs enable private verification